Google Scholar

Perform Search

Overview

Method	Endpoint	Version	Description
`POST`	`/api/v1/open/search`	v1	Google Search API endpoint for retrieving search results

Request Headers

Header	Type	Required	Description
`Content-Type`	`string`	Yes	Must be set to `application/json`
`Accept`	`string`	No	Response format (defaults to `application/json`)

Authentication

API Key Authentication

Pass the API key as a request parameter: api_key=your_api_key
Example: "api_key": "your_api_key_here"

HTTP Status Codes

Code	Status	Description	Retry
200	OK	Request successful	No

Response Codes

Code	Description	Retry
200	Request successful	No
400100	Unsupported search engine	No
400200	The search service is temporarily unavailable. Please try again later	No
400300	ForUserQuery contains prohibited content	No
400400	No results found, please adjust keywords and try again	No
400500	Authorization failed, please check your API credentials	No
400600	The request frequency is too high, please try again later	No
400700	You have reached the daily search limit	No
400710	Insufficient Balance	No

Request Parameters

Parameter	Type	Required	Description	Default
`api_key`	`string`	Yes	API key for authentication
`engine`	`string`	Yes	Search engine type, currently engine value is `google_scholar`	google
`q`	`string`	Yes	Search query, supports regular Google search syntax (like inurl:, site:, intitle:) and advanced search parameters
`google_domain`	`string`	No	Google domain, defaults to google.com	google.com
`lr`	`string`	No	Parameter defines one or multiple languages to limit the search to. It uses lang_{two-letter language code} to specify languages and \| as a delimiter. (e.g., lang_fr\|lang_de will only search French and German pages). Head to the Google lr languages page for a full list of supported languages.
`date`	`string`	No	Time range filter: h-last hour, d-last day, w-last week, m-last month, y-last year
`start`	`number`	No	Parameter defines the result offset. It skips the given number of results. It's used for pagination. (e.g., 0 (default) is the first page of results, 10 is the 2nd page of results, 20 is the 3rd page of results, etc.).
`num`	`number`	No	Parameter defines the maximum number of results to return. (e.g., 10 (default) returns 10 results, 40 returns 40 results, and 100 returns 100 results).
`as_sdt`	`string`	No	Parameter can be used either as a search type or a filter. As a Filter (only works when searching articles): 0 - exclude patents (default). 7 - include patents. As a Search Type: 4 - Select case law (US courts only). This will select all the State and Federal courts. e.g. as_sdt=4 - Selects case law (all courts) To select specific courts, see the full list of supported Google Scholar courts. e.g. as_sdt=4,33,192 - 4 is the required value and should always be in the first position, 33 selects all New York courts and 192 selects Tax Court. Values have to be separated by comma (,)
`cites`	`string`	No	Parameter defines unique ID for an article to trigger Cited By searches. Usage of cites will bring up a list of citing documents in Google Scholar. Example value: cites=1275980731835430123. Usage of cites and q parameters triggers search within citing articles
`as_ylo`	`string`	No	Parameter defines the year from which you want the results to be included. (e.g. if you set as_ylo parameter to the year 2018, the results before that year will be omitted.). This parameter can be combined with the as_yhi parameter
`as_yhi`	`string`	No	Parameter defines the year until which you want the results to be included. (e.g. if you set as_yhi parameter to the year 2018, the results after that year will be omitted.). This parameter can be combined with the as_ylo parameter
`scisbd`	`string`	No	Parameter defines articles added in the last year, sorted by date. It can be set to 1 to include only abstracts, or 2 to include everything. The default value is 0 which means that the articles are sorted by relevance	0
`cluster`	`string`	No	Parameter defines unique ID for an article to trigger All Versions searches. Example value: cluster=1275980731835430123. Usage of cluster together with q and cites parameters is prohibited. Use cluster parameter only
`safe`	`string`	No	Parameter defines the level of filtering for adult content. It can be set to active or off, by default Google will blur explicit content. off or active
`filter`	`string`	No	Parameter defines the exclusion of results from an auto-corrected query when the original query is spelled wrong. It can be set to 1 to exclude these results, or 0 to include them (default). Note that this parameter may not prevent Google from returning results for an auto-corrected query if no other results are available. 1 or 0	1
`as_vis`	`string`	No	Parameter defines whether you would like to include citations or not. It can be set to 1 to exclude these results, or 0 (default) to include them	0
`as_rr`	`string`	No	Parameter defines whether you would like to show only review articles or not (these articles consist of topic reviews, or discuss the works or authors you have searched for). It can be set to 1 to enable this filter, or 0 (default) to show all results	0
`html`	`string`	No	Whether to return HTML format, 1-yes, 0-no	0

Response Example

{
    "code": 200,
    "data": {
        "search_metadata": {
            "raw_html_file": "oss_html",
            "total_time_taken": 2.032416469,
            "id": "1985902431212408832",
            "json_endpoint": "oss_json",
            "created_at": "2025-10-29 08:53:31",
            "processed_at": "2025-10-29 08:53:33",
            "google_url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=coffee",
            "status": "Success"
        },
        "search_information": {
          "organic_results_state": "Showing results for exact spelling despite spelling suggestion",
          "time_taken_displayed": 0.042,
          "total_results": "753000"
        },
        "search_parameters": {
            "engine": "google_scholar",
            "html": "0",
            "google_domain": "scholar.google.com",
            "q": "coffee"
        },
        "organic_results": [
            {
                "position": 1,
                "title": "The impact of coffee on health",
                "link": [
                    "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512213000479"
                ],
                "snippet": "OBJECTIVE: Coffee is a beverage used worldwide. It includes a wide array of components \\nthat can have potential implication on he ve reviewed publications on the impact of ...",
                "result_id": "sWzmct-yYzgJ",
                "publication_info": {
                    "summary": "A Cano-Marquina, JJ Tarín, A Cano - Maturitas, 2013 - Elsevier",
                    "authors": [
                        {
                            "name": "A Cano-Marquina",
                            "link": "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nMS5yswAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra",
                            "author_id": "nMS5yswAAAAJ"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "resources": {
                    "title": "sci-hub.box",
                    "link": "https://2024.sci-hub.box/2123/6b434e554b91bca5615f905bff214b52/cano-marquina2013.pdf",
                    "file_format": "PDF"
                },
                "inline_links": {
                    "cited_by": {
                        "total": 544,
                        "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=4063287961593474225&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en",
                        "cites_id": "4063287961593474225"
                    },
                    "related_pages_link": "/scholar?q=related:sWzmct-yYzgJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=coffee&hl=en&lr=lang_en&as_sdt=0,5",
                    "versions": {
                        "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=4063287961593474225&hl=en&lr=lang_en&as_sdt=0,5",
                        "cluster_id": "4063287961593474225",
                        "total": 10
                    }
                }
            }
        ],
        "pagination": {
          "current": 1,
          "next": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=10&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8NMDegQIGRAW",
          "other_pages": {
            "2": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=10&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAE",
            "3": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=20&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAG",
            "4": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=30&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAI",
            "5": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=40&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAK",
            "6": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=50&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAM",
            "7": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=60&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAO",
            "8": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=70&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAQ",
            "9": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=80&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAS",
            "10": "https://www.google.com/search?q=coffee&lr=lang_en&sca_esv=4b752b0057153c0c&gl=us&hl=en&tbs=lr:lang_1en&ei=yaXxaLu2FpKNseMPh9Pu2QI&start=90&sa=N&sstk=Af77f_e5ATQiBR2g6i0PioPRhVCJRwe-Uvg3QfRx8PbRJCfhhwu1aHhL5hYp9LpnSHWs0YchGN0UJXWAj7kHwSz1pB75iAOYOpi4Pg&ved=2ahUKEwj7vs__k6qQAxWSRmwGHYepOysQ8tMDegQIGRAU"
          }
      }
    },
    "msg": "string",
    "reqId": "string"
}

Complete Response Parameters Overview

search_metadata

object Contains metadata about the search execution

Parameter	Type	Description
`id`	`string`	Unique identifier for the search request
`json_endpoint`	`string`	Provide an interface endpoint for searching related JSON data, through which JSON-formatted search data can be obtained
`created_at`	`string`	The timestamp when the search request was created, recording the time when the search was initiated
`processed_at`	`string`	The timestamp when the search results were processed and became available for return, recording the time point from processing to completion of the search
`google_url`	`string`	The Google search URL, which contains the search keyword "coffee" along with language parameters (hl=en for English), regional parameters (gl=us for the United States), and other search parameters, used to redirect to the corresponding Google search page
`status`	`string`	Status of the search execution (e.g., Success)
`raw_html_file`	`string`	Identifier for the original HTML file
`total_time_taken`	`number`	The total time spent on the entire search process (including request sending, result parsing, and other stages)

search_information

object Contains information about the search results

Parameter	Type	Description
`organic_results_state`	`string`	State of organic results
`time_taken_displayed`	`number`	TDisplay time (i.e., the time spent on displaying the search results)
`total_results`	`string`	Total results count (the total number of results returned by this search)

search_parameters

object Contains the parameters used for the search

Parameter	Type	Description
`q`	`string`	Keywords used for this query
`engine`	`string`	Search engine used for this query (e.g., google_web)
`html`	`string`	When HTML=0, returns JSON; when HTML=1, returns HTML; when HTML=2, returns both JSON and HTML
`google_domain`	`string`	Specifies the corresponding Google domain (e.g., google.com, etc., used to distinguish Google services in different regions/locales)

organic_results

object[] Google's scholarly literature search engine, your one-stop solution from daily information retrieval to professional academic research.

Parameter	Type	Description
`position`	`number`	The ranking position of this literature in Google Scholar search results
`title`	`string`	Title of the literature
`link`	`string[]`	List of full-text access links for the literature
`snippet`	`string`	Abstract excerpt of the literature
`result_id`	`string`	Unique identifier of the search result
`publication_info`	`object`	Publication and author information set of the literature
`publication_info.summary`	`string`	Publication and author information set of the literature
`publication_info.authors`	`object[]`	Author list of the literature, where each element represents detailed information of an author
`publication_info.authors[].name`	`string`	Author name
`publication_info.authors[].link`	`string`	Google Scholar profile URL of the author (for accessing their other research works)
`publication_info.authors[].author_id`	`string`	Author's unique identifier ID (Google Scholar's code for distinguishing authors)
`resources`	`object`	Resource access information set for the literature
`resources.title`	`string`	Name of the resource source
`resources.link`	`string`	Direct PDF download link for the document (click to access full text)
`resources.file_format`	`string`	File format of the resource (e.g., PDF, specifies resource type)
`inline_links`	`object`	Collection of action links for literature
`inline_links.cited_by`	`object`	Citation information for literature
`inline_links.cited_by.total`	`number`	Total citation count of literature
`inline_links.cited_by.link`	`string`	"View citing literature" link
`inline_links.cited_by.cites_id`	`string`	Unique identifier for citation record
`inline_links.related_pages_link`	`string`	View related pages or literature
`inline_links.versions`	`object`	Literature version information
`inline_links.versions.link`	`string`	View all versions of this literature
`inline_links.versions.cluster_id`	`string`	Unique identifier of the literature version family
`inline_links.versions.total`	`string`	Total number of versions in literature

pagination

object (Pagination) related fields used to describe pagination navigation information for search results

Parameter	Type	Description
`current`	`number`	Current page number
`next`	`string`	Next page navigation link (can directly jump to the next page of search results)
`other_pages`	`object`	An object containing navigation links to other pages (such as page 2, page 3, etc.)